The capability of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technology to estimate soil moisture in sugarcane crops in the Cauca River Valley was evaluated. Given its ability to provide a detailed view of the land surface, SAR emerges as a promising tool for monitoring soil moisture, a critical factor for agriculture.
Comparative mapping in sugarcane has had limited application due to initially markers such as AFLPs being used to generate maps for the large genome with no sequence information attached.
Cane stillage or vinasse, a co-product of ethanol distilleries, contains 5-7 g/L of aconitic acid, a valuable trivalent carboxylic acid that is an important building block in organic synthesis. Vinasse also contains a variety of other organic compounds (e.g., organic acids, amino acids, colorants) and minerals (e.g., chlorides, sulphates), which make purification difficult.
The effects of corrosion due to the presence of sulphur in fuel have been widely studied and recommendations have been made on the position of economizer-heater arrangement, minimum temperatures of air, water and gases and others.
Environmental projects can now generate value-added products using different technologies, utilizing existing vinasse volumes and approaching zero-effluent models. These new technologies can use all the available vinasse or create mixed models that share vinasse with existing use options such as fertigation and composting.